AADS
Data Science Enabled Acoustic Design
Abstract
Today, 54 percent of the world’s population lives in urban areas, a proportion that is expected to increase to 66 percent by 2050 [1]. Increasing urbanisation demands for sustainable design and planning of dense urban spaces to provide healthy environments and support the well-being of the population [2, 3, 4, 5]. However, today architectural acoustic design is often limited to noise reduction or to typologies that demand high-end acoustics like concert halls or auditoriums. It is every so often neglected in the consideration for the design of the vast majority of the built environment, leading to negative health effects from acoustic pollution, cost for noise abatement measures and unaesthetic retrofitting of built structures both indoors and outdoors.
In acoustic design, there is a multitude of interacting parameters and nonlinear relationships, resulting in complex acoustic wave phenomena [6, 7]. While certain acoustic effects such as pure geometric reflections can be digitally modelled, the accurate three-dimensional wave simulation of complex architectural build-ups integrating acoustic diffusion remains a challenge, because computational costs at the interesting frequency range are usually too high [7]. A proven method used to analyse and validate acoustic phenomena of buildings are physical scale models [6]. Here, sound sources are installed at required positions, emitting sound in a scaled frequency range and the corresponding audio signals are recorded at different positions of the model. The resulting measurements can be applied to analyse the acoustic performance [7] and improve the design [8]. However, this method is extremely time- and resource-inefficient, as the amount of variations on the design are limited to the number of built models.
Recent advances in digital fabrication technology allow the efficient production of non-standard architectural structures with complex geometries and textures. Contrary to traditional flat building components, digitally fabricated structures can adapt to different acoustic requirements. By controlling the variation of depth and cavities at multiple resolutions, a required acoustic performance can be achieved. The proposed research takes advantage of an automated robotic
Starting Date
January 2018
PI / Partners
Gramazio Kohler Research (ETHZ)
Laboratory for Acoustics (EMPA)
Strauss Electroacoustic GmbH
setup to test a high number of digitally fabricated articulated walls and a set of reference walls for their sound performance: By automatically deploying audio sources and receivers on varying positions, a consistent data set of measurements of diverse spatiotemporal-acoustic scenarios can be collected. As such, the proposed work targets the acquisition of a multi-variable data collection that contains geometric as well as annotated acoustic information. The physically derived data set serves as a foundation to analyse relations between geometrical and acoustical configurations, to analyse performance clusters in relation to acoustic reference parameters, in order to enable novel designs that are optimised for specific acoustic criteria, while maintaining fabrication feasibility.
This research presents a significant step towards understanding the mutual relationship between build and acoustic spaces. Here, data science will help to a) understand the patterns that are implicit in the data, b) to discover particular sonic signatures, c) to enable design exploration from the learned data and d) – in the future – to synthesize new geometries that create particular sonic configurations significantly impacting our built environment.
Description
Problem:
As of today, acoustic design is often neglected in the majority of the built environment because it is too complex or too expensive. One major issue is that the simulation of sound diffusion at different frequencies is computationally expensive and often does not always represent well the reality.
Solution:
In this project, we 3D printed and measured more than 300 surfaces including complex geometries. Using an automatic setup and an anechoic chamber, we then recorded the acoustic response for multiple location.
As a next step, we created a dataset of geometries and impulse response and applied Machine Learning algorithms to predict the acoustic response of non-measured surfaces.
Impact:
Our goal is to bridge real-world models and data models in order to have a high impact in architectural acoustics
Publications
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Rust, R., Xydis, A., Heutschi, K., Perraudin, N., Casas, G., Du, C., … & Kohler, M. (2021). A data acquisition setup for data driven acoustic design. Building Acoustics, 1351010X20986901.
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Xydis, A., Perraudin, N., Rust, R., Heutschi, K., Casas, G., Grognuz, O. R., … & Perez-Cruz, F. (2021). GIR Dataset: A Geometry and real Impulse Response Dataset for machine learning research in acoustics.